Wake up! It's time to burn

By: Erza Villa

Climate change and global warming are no longer distant threats from the future—they are now the realities we face today. Rising global temperatures have led to extreme weather conditions, including more frequent and intense heat waves. In the Philippines, the Cagayan Valley is experiencing dangerously high heat index levels, putting its citizens at serious risk of heat-related illnesses.

The heat index, also known as the “feels-like” temperature, is a measure of how hot it feels when both air temperature and humidity are considered. In the Philippines, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) categorizes the heat index into four levels: Caution, Extreme Caution, Danger, and Extreme Danger.

In the first level: Caution, the temperature ranges from 27°C to 32°C. In this state, fatigue is possible with prolonged exposure and physical activity.

In the second level: Extreme Caution, the temperature ranges from 33°C to 41° C. Here, there is a risk of heat cramps and heat exhaustion. Continuing outdoor activities under these conditions may possibly lead to heat stroke.

In the third level: Danger, the temperature ranges from (42°C to 51°C. When an individual is outside during these levels, they are at risk of heat cramps and heat exhaustion while heat stroke becomes a serious threat.

In the fourth and last level: Extreme Danger, the temperature ranges start at a staggering 52°C and above. During these days, heat stroke is almost certain with continued exposure, requiring immediate medical attention.

These increasing heat index levels highlight the growing impact of climate change in the country, particularly in Cagayan Valley, where recorded temperatures have reached alarming levels. Scorching days become the reality of the people suffering in heat in Cagayan Valley. For residents of Cagayan Valley, extreme heat is becoming a dangerous part of daily life. In April 2024, the town of Aparri recorded a staggering heat index of 48°C, placing it in the “danger” category. Similarly, Tuguegarao City, known as one of the hottest places in the Philippines, has experienced heat indexes reaching 43°C, a level that poses severe health risks.

These dangerously high temperatures have led to many cases of heat exhaustion, dehydration, and even heat strokes. Many residents are forced to stay indoors during peak heat hours, while farmers and outdoor workers struggle to cope with the extreme conditions. Local health officials have issued warnings, urging people to drink plenty of water, wear light clothing, and avoid prolonged sun exposure.

As the heat index rises, so do the health risks. Individuals may feel fatigued, especially after extended outdoor activities. There is an increased risk of heat cramps and heat exhaustion, outdoor activities should be moderated to prevent overheating. During bad days when the temperature reaches the Danger category, heat exhaustion and cramps are common, and heat stroke becomes a real possibility– Immediate cooling measures are necessary. Once the temperature reaches the Extreme Danger category, heat stroke is almost certain, and an individual that suffers from it requires urgent medical intervention to prevent fatal consequences. For vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions– extreme heat can be life-threatening.

The rising heat index in the Philippines is a direct consequence of climate change. To address this crisis, we must take action on multiple levels: Firstly, we should reduce greenhouse gas emissions and start transitioning to renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy as they can significantly cut carbon emissions. Of course, we shouldn’t forget about planting– increasing our planting projects can help reduce greenhouse gases as trees absorb carbon dioxide and provide natural cooling, helping to mitigate extreme heat. Most of our greenhouse gases come from factories and vehicles. By encouraging the use of public transit, bicycles, and electric vehicles, reducing the burning of fossil fuels can help lower the effects of the greenhouse gases caused by factories and vehicles. Lastly, using energy-saving appliances and supporting eco-friendly policies can help lower overall energy consumption.

Educating communities about the dangers of climate change and supporting policies that protect the environment can drive meaningful change. The increasing heat index in Cagayan Valley is a warning that cannot be ignored. If we do not take urgent action to combat climate change, extreme heat will become even more dangerous in the coming years. By adopting sustainable practices and pushing for climate-friendly policies, we can slow down global warming and protect communities from its devastating effects. We have the resources, the information, and the capacity– all we need is action.